Frazier: Essentials of Human Diseases and Conditions, 5th Edition

Test Bank

Chapter 1: Mechanisms of Disease, Diagnosis, and Treatment 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

	1.	Signs of disease
a.	always cause symptoms.	
b.	rarely correlate with symptoms.	
c.	include abnormal objective findings.	
d.	are always described by the patient.	

ANS:	C

	2.	Predisposing factors of disease
a.	precisely predict the occurrence of disease.	
b.	make a person or group more vulnerable to disease.	
c.	never overlap or occur in combination.	
d.	can all be controlled by prevention.	

ANS:	B

	3.	Genetic diseases may be
a.	produced by an abnormality in or mutation of the genetic code in a single gene.	
b.	caused by several abnormal genes.	
c.	caused by the abnormal presence or absence of a chromosome or an alteration of the structure of chromosomes.	
d.	all of the above.	

ANS:	D

	4.	Benign tumors
a.	tend to remain encapsulated.	
b.	infiltrate surrounding tissue.	
c.	do not compress surrounding tissue or obstruct organs.	
d.	do not resemble the tissue of origin.	

ANS:	A

	5.	Malignant tumors
a.	tend to infiltrate other tissue.	
b.	tend to bleed, ulcerate, and become infected.	
c.	may spread to distant sites in the body.	
d.	are all of the above.	

ANS:	D

	6.	Which statement is true regarding the TNM (tumor, nodes, metastasis) cancer staging system?
a.	Assesses the size and extent of the spread of the primary tumor.	
b.	Is a grading system based on the degree of differentiation of tumor cells.	
c.	Both a and b are true.	
d.	Neither a nor b is true.	

ANS:	A

	7.	Which of the following correctly states the sequence of an allergic response within the body most?
a.	IgE antibodies enter the body and produce an allergen.	
b.	The release of histamine sensitizes mast cells and produces symptoms.	
c.	Exposure to allergen stimulates production of IgE antibodies that can subsequently trigger symptoms of allergy.	
d.	Histamine produces mast cells, which stimulate plasma cells.	

ANS:	C

	8.	Which of the following most accurately states the orderly steps in making a diagnosis?
a.	Medical history, physical examination, diagnostic tests, diagnosis, integration of results, treatment	
b.	Medical history, diagnostic tests, physical examination, treatment plan	
c.	Physical examination, medical history, radiographs, prognosis, integration of all information	
d.	Comparison of normals, physical examination, history, treatment plan, prognosis	

ANS:	A

	9.	Mechanical and chemical barriers, the inflammatory response, and the immune response are
a.	risk factors for disease.	
b.	the combined effects of inheritance and environmental factors.	
c.	included in the body’s natural defense system against infection.	
d.	agents that damage DNA.	

ANS:	C

	10.	Immune disorders are the result of a breakdown in the body’s defense system that may generate
a.	allergy.	
b.	autoimmune diseases.	
c.	immunodeficiency disorders.	
d.	all of the above.	

ANS:	D

	11.	Immunodeficiency disorders result from
a.	an exudative response.	
b.	physical trauma.	
c.	motor vehicle accidents.	
d.	a depressed or absent immune response.	

ANS:	D

	12.	Which statement(s) is (are) correct regarding autoimmune diseases?
a.	The disease allows the immune system to become self-destructive.	
b.	Many serious diseases have a strong autoimmune component.	
c.	Both a and b are correct.	
d.	Both a and b are incorrect.	

ANS:	C

	13.	Homeostasis refers to
a.	disease related to age.	
b.	internal stability of the body.	
c.	a chronic disease process.	
d.	genetic predisposition to disease.	

ANS:	B

	14.	Pathogens cause disease by
a.	invasion of living tissue.	
b.	destruction of living tissue.	
c.	intoxication.	
d.	all of the above.	

ANS:	D

	15.	The normal protective physiologic response(s) to tissue injury and disease is (are)
a.	infection.	
b.	acute inflammation.	
c.	cachexia.	
d.	all of the above.	

ANS:	B

	16.	MRSA refers to a “superbug” that is
a.	methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus.	
b.	a common cold virus.	
c.	a noninfectious, noncontagious skin condition.	
d.	all of the above.	

ANS:	A

	17.	The spread of “superbugs” can be controlled by
a.	frequent, thorough handwashing.	
b.	stricter infection control in all health care facilities.	
c.	considering everyone a risk for infection, especially in hospitals.	
d.	all of the above.	

ANS:	D

	18.	Anaphylaxis, serum sickness, arthralgia, and status asthmaticus are
a.	part of aging.	
b.	systemic manifestations of severe allergic responses.	
c.	immunodeficiency disorders.	
d.	mild allergic conditions.	

ANS:	B

	19.	Smoking, drinking, nutrition, and lack of exercise are examples of
a.	predisposing factors related to age.	
b.	predisposing factors related to environment.	
c.	predisposing factors related to heredity.	
d.	predisposing factors related to lifestyle.	

ANS:	D

	20.	In preventative health care the emphasis is on
a.	accident intervention.	
b.	freedom of lifestyle.	
c.	prophylactic medical services.	
d.	personal rights.	

ANS:	C

	21.	The single greatest avoidable cause of death and disease is
a.	smoking tobacco and exposure to second-hand smoke.	
b.	insufficient exercise.	
c.	a diet high in sodium.	
d.	poor personal hygiene.	

ANS:	A

	22.	Vaccines that may be given to prevent cancer include
a.	HPV vaccine to protect against cervical cancer.	
b.	Hepatitis B vaccine that helps prevent against liver CA.	
c.	both a and b	
d.	b only	

ANS:	C

	23.	Which statement(s) is(are) true about understanding a patient’s pain?
a.	Pain is subjective.	
b.	Pain has individualized effects.	
c.	Pain is a necessary entity in life.	
d.	All of the above statements are true.	

ANS:	D

	24.	Osteopathy
a.	is not practiced by trained medical physicians.	
b.	emphasizes the body’s natural process to heal and provide well-being.	
c.	does not use manipulation techniques.	
d.	all of the above.	

ANS:	B

	25.	Pain may be described as
a.	dull and aching, burning, or throbbing.	
b.	shooting, dull, stabbing.	
c.	frightening, intense, tiring.	
d.	all of the above.	

ANS:	D

	26.	The holistic concept of medical care focuses on
a.	the needs of the whole person: spiritual, cognitive, social, physical, and emotional.	
b.	narrowly defining physical pathologic changes.	
c.	discounting the needs of a patient as a whole to expedite healing.	
d.	all of the above.	

ANS:	A

	27.	Which statement(s) is (are) correct concerning chemotherapy treatment for cancer?
a.	Chemotherapy is effective against the rapidly developing cells of cancer.	
b.	Many of the side effects of chemotherapy are due to destruction of some normal cells in the body.	
c.	both a and b	
d.	neither a or b	

ANS:	C

	28.	An alternative to conventional radiation therapy for cancer tumors in which normal tissues experience much less toxicity is called
a.	gene therapy.	
b.	stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS).	
c.	chemotherapy.	
d.	none of the above.	

ANS:	B

	29.	Recognizing the aspects of the cultural diversity of patients includes
a.	language, religious beliefs, views about health issues, and life experiences.	
b.	dietary preferences.	
c.	death rituals and other traditions.	
d.	all of the above.	

ANS:	D

TRUE/FALSE

	30.	Gene therapy is now a common intervention and proven cure for many diseases.

ANS:	F

	31.	Tumor grade is determined through microscopic evaluation of the tumor or a biopsy specimen.

ANS:	T

	32.	When a product lacks FDA approval, that may mean that the ingredients listed outside the bottle may not be inside the bottle, or may not be included in the amount listed.

ANS:	T

	33.	The use of hormone therapy and immunotherapy in the treatment of cancer continues to evolve.

ANS:	T

	34.	The philosophy of hospice affirms life and neither hastens nor postpones death.

ANS:	T

	35.	Among some common concerns about the health issues of older adults are substance abuse and nutritional problems.

ANS:	T

	36.	One of the main goals of patient teaching is to encourage the patient to comply with the treatment plan to assure recovery.

ANS:	T

MATCHING

37.	Match the descriptions with the appropriate terms.
a.	Excision of tissue for microscopic examination	
b.	Tumor, or growth of new tissue	
c.	Changes in the genetic code of a cell	
d.	Stimulates the immune system to produce antibodies	

	1.	Mutation
	2.	Antigen
	3.	Neoplasm
	4.	Biopsy

	1.	ANS:	C
	2.	ANS:	D
	3.	ANS:	B
	4.	ANS:	A