Kowalczyk: Radiographic Pathology for Technologists, 5th Edition

Test Bank

Chapter 01: Introduction to Pathology

	MULTIPLE CHOICE

	1.	Which type of disease has a quick onset and lasts a short period of time?
A.	Idiopathic	
B.	Iatrogenic	
C.	Acute	
D.	Chronic	

ANS:	C
Acute diseases usually have a quick onset and last a short period of time, whereas a chronic disease may present more slowly and last a very long time.

REF:	3

	2.	A group of signs and symptoms that characterize a specific abnormality is known as:
A.	a syndrome	
B.	a pathogenesis	
C.	epidemiology	
D.	a prognosis	

ANS:	A
A group of signs and symptoms that characterize a specific abnormal disturbance is a syndrome.

REF:	2

	3.	_____ is the study of the cause of a disease.
A.	Epidemiology	
B.	Pathogenesis	
C.	Morbidity	
D.	Etiology	

ANS:	D
Etiology is the study of the cause of a disease.

REF:	2

	4.	_____ is the study of disease.
A.	Iatrogenic	
B.	Pathology	
C.	Pathogenesis	
D.	Epidemiology	

ANS:	B
Pathology is the study of disease.

REF:	2

	5.	_____ reaction is the term used to describe the skin erythema that may occur from radiation treatment of a neoplasm.
A.	Pathogenesis	
B.	Etiology	
C.	Iatrogenic	
D.	Inflammation	

ANS:	C
Iatrogenic reactions are adverse responses that occur from medical treatment.

REF:	2

	6.	An objective manifestation is known as a _____, while a patient’s perception is known as a _____.
A.	syndrome/symptom	
B.	sign/syndrome	
C.	sign/symptom	
D.	symptom/sign	

ANS:	C
A sign is an objective manifestation that can be detected by the physician during examination. Fever, swelling, and skin rash are all considered signs. A symptom refers to the patient’s perception of the disease. Symptoms are subjective, and only the patient can identify these manifestations.

REF:	2

	7.	A disease that does not produce symptoms, especially in the early stages, is termed:
A.	symptom	
B.	asymptomatic	
C.	syndrome	
D.	prognosis	

ANS:	B
Some disease processes, especially in the early stages, do not produce symptoms and are termed asymptomatic.

REF:	2

	8.	Multiple sclerosis is considered a(n) _____ condition.
A.	acute	
B.	syndrome	
C.	chronic	
D.	malignant	

ANS:	C
A chronic disease is one that has a gradual onset.

REF:	3

	9.	The name of a disease an individual is believed to have is known as the_____.
A.	prognosis	
B.	symptom	
C.	diagnosis	
D.	syndrome	

ANS:	C
A diagnosis is the name of a disease an individual is believed to have, and the prediction of the course and outcome of the disease is called a prognosis.

REF:	3

	10.	The investigation of disease in large groups is called:
A.	etiology	
B.	epidemiology	
C.	morbidity rate	
D.	prognosis	

ANS:	B
Epidemiology is the investigation of disease in large groups.

REF:	3

	11.	Proper infection control practices are important in a healthcare environment to prevent _____ disease.
A.	idiopathic	
B.	iatrogenic	
C.	nosocomial	
D.	asymptomatic	

ANS:	C
Nosocomial diseases are acquired while in the healthcare facility.

REF:	2

	12.	A collapsed lung that occurs in response to a complication that arises during arterial line placement is an example of a(n) _____ reaction.
A.	iatrogenic	
B.	asymptomatic	
C.	idiopathic	
D.	nosocomial	

ANS:	A
Iatrogenic reaction occurs as a result of a medical treatment.

REF:	2

	13.	The abbreviation NCHS stands for _____.
A.	National Committee for Health Sciences	
B.	National Center for Health Statistics	
C.	National Center for Human Services	
D.	North Central Human Services	

ANS:	B
The National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) is responsible for gathering and reporting statistics relating to healthcare.

REF:	2

	14.	A sign is an objective manifestation that can be detected by the physician during clinical examination. The following are all signs, except:
A.	fever	
B.	swelling	
C.	skin rash	
D.	back aches	

ANS:	D
This is an example of a symptom and not a sign.

REF:	2

	15.	An abnormal disturbance in body function or structure as a result of some type of injury is an example of:
A.	pathogenesis	
B.	syndrome	
C.	disease	
D.	idiopathasis	

ANS:	C
An abnormal disturbance in body function or structure as a result of injury is called a disease.

REF:	2

	16.	When a doctor identifies a disease, he or she is presenting a:
A.	prognosis	
B.	diagnosis	
C.	pathogenesis	
D.	symptom	

ANS:	B
A diagnosis is the name of a disease an individual is believed to have, and the prediction of the course and outcome of the disease is called a prognosis.

REF:	3

	17.	A _____ is the outcome of the disease.
A.	prognosis	
B.	disease	
C.	diagnosis	
D.	sign	

ANS:	A
A diagnosis is the name of a disease an individual is believed to have, and the prediction of the course and outcome of the disease is called a prognosis.

REF:	3

	18.	The mortality rate is the _____.
A.	number of individuals getting sick in a given area	
B.	number of deaths caused by a particular disease in a given population	
C.	number of deaths caused by a particular disease in a given gender	
D.	number of deaths caused by a particular virus	

ANS:	B
The mortality rate is the number of deaths caused by a particular disease averaged over a population.

REF:	4

	19.	Morbidity rate is defined as:
A.	the rate at which abnormal cell growth becomes cancerous.	
B.	the number of deaths caused by a particular disease.	
C.	the number of amputations caused by a traumatic injury.	
D.	the number of lives altered by a particular disease.	

ANS:	D
The morbidity rate refers to the number of lives affected by a particular disease.

REF:	4

	20.	A(n) _____ disease results from the body’s reaction to a localized injurious agent.
A.	congenital	
B.	inflammatory	
C.	hereditary	
D.	metabolic	

ANS:	B
An inflammatory disease is one that results from the body’s reaction to a localized injurious agent.

REF:	7

	21.	Diseases that are caused by developmental disorders genetically transmitted from either parent to child through abnormalities of individual genes in chromosomes and are derived from ancestors are called _____.
A.	inflammatory	
B.	hereditary	
C.	degenerative	
D.	congenital	

ANS:	B
Hereditary diseases are caused by developmental disorders genetically transmitted from either parent to child through abnormalities of individual genes in chromosomes and are derived from ancestors.

REF:	7

	22.	Pneumonia is a type of:
A.	congenital disease	
B.	inflammatory disease	
C.	hereditary disease	
D.	metabolic disease	

ANS:	B
An inflammatory disease is one that results from the body’s reaction to a localized injurious agent.

REF:	7

	23.	Diseases present at birth that result from genetic and environmental factors are _____.
A.	hereditary	
B.	congenital	
C.	acquired	
D.	inflammatory	

ANS:	B
Congenital diseases are present at birth and result from genetic and environmental factors.

REF:	6

	24.	Diseases that are caused by deterioration of the body area are said to be _____.
A.	hereditary	
B.	degenerative	
C.	metabolic	
D.	congenital	

ANS:	B
Degenerative diseases are caused by a deterioration of the body.

REF:	9

	25.	What type of disease classification is diabetes?
A.	Congenital	
B.	Inflammatory	
C.	Degenerative	
D.	Metabolic	

ANS:	D
Metabolic diseases are classified as disturbances of the normal physiologic functions of the body.

REF:	9

	26.	Virulence refers to:
A.	reduced cellular function	
B.	the sum of all physical and chemical processes in the body	
C.	the ease with which an organism can overcome body defenses	
D.	aging chemical processes	

ANS:	C
Virulence is the ease with which an organism can overcome body defenses.

REF:	9

	27.	Diseases caused by a disturbance of the normal physiologic functions of the body are classified as:
A.	traumatic diseases	
B.	metabolic diseases	
C.	degenerative diseases	
D.	neoplastic diseases	

ANS:	B
Metabolic diseases are classified as disturbances of the normal physiologic functions of the body.

REF:	9

	28.	Which pathology is not attributed to the process of aging?
A.	Atherosclerosis	
B.	Osteoporosis	
C.	Osteoarthritis	
D.	Osteomyelitis	

ANS:	D
Osteomyelitis is not necessarily caused by degenerative disease.

REF:	9

	29.	Removal of dead cells and materials, which is essential in the healing process, is called _____.
A.	skin graft	
B.	skin scraping	
C.	regeneration	
D.	debridement	

ANS:	D
Removal of dead cells and materials, or debridement, is an essential part of the healing process.

REF:	8

	30.	Heredity, _____, and environmental factors are known to affect the rate of aging.
A.	diet	
B.	metabolism	
C.	smoking	
D.	habits	

ANS:	A
Heredity, diet, and environmental factors are aspects of degenerative diseases and the aging process.

REF:	9

	31.	What disease process results in new, abnormal tissue growth?
A.	Neoplastic disease	
B.	Metabolic disease	
C.	Traumatic disease	
D.	Degenerative disease	

ANS:	A
Neoplastic disease results in new, abnormal tissue growth.

REF:	9

	32.	The term used when cancer cells travel to distant sites is _____.
A.	seeding	
B.	debridement	
C.	etiology	
D.	pestilence	

ANS:	A
Seeding is a type of a metastatic spread in which cancerous cells travel to distant sites or distant organ systems.

REF:	10

	33.	The ease with which an organism can overcome body defenses is known as _____.
A.	metabolism	
B.	regeneration	
C.	virulence	
D.	inflammation	

ANS:	C
Virulence is the ease with which an organism can overcome body defenses.

REF:	9

	34.	Cells that are classified as _____ have a higher probability of malignancy.
A.	carcinogenic	
B.	differentiated	
C.	benign	
D.	undifferentiated	

ANS:	D
Undifferentiated cells are not yet specialized and have a higher incidence of developing into a neoplasm.

REF:	10

	35.	Malignant neoplasms continue to grow, spread, and invade other tissues.
A.	True	
B.	False	

ANS:	A
A benign neoplasm remains localized and is generally noninvasive, whereas a malignant neoplasm continues to grow, spread, and invade other tissues.

REF:	10

	36.	A carcinoma is:
A.	a type of cancer that arises from connective tissue	
B.	a type of cancer that arises from blood cells	
C.	a type of lymphoma	
D.	a type of cancer derived from epithelial tissue	

ANS:	D
A carcinoma is a type of cancer derived from epithelial tissue.

REF:	10

	37.	What is the most common disturbance of fluid balance?
A.	Dehydration	
B.	Loss of function	
C.	Degeneration	
D.	Diminished kidney function	

ANS:	A
Dehydration, which is caused by insufficient intake of water or excessive loss of it, is the most common disturbance of fluid imbalance.

REF:	10

	38.	What is it called when cancerous cells travel via the lymphatic system?
A.	Invasion	
B.	Hematogenous spread	
C.	Seeding	
D.	Lymphatic spread	

ANS:	D
Lymphatic spread is a type of metastatic spread involving the lymphatic system.

REF:	10

	39.	What are the three ways metastatic spread can occur?
A.	Hematogenous, lymphatic, seeding	
B.	Hematogenous, coughing, touching an infected person	
C.	Hematogenous, lymphatic, saliva	
D.	Lymphatic, seeding, indirect contact	

ANS:	A
Metastatic spread can be lymphatic, involving the lymphatic system; hematogenous, involving the blood vessels; or seeding, whereby cancerous cells travel to distant sites or organ systems.

REF:	10

	40.	Metastatic spread that occurs when cancerous cells invade the circulatory system via blood vessels is termed:
A.	invasion	
B.	seeding	
C.	hematogenous	
D.	lymphatic	

ANS:	C
Hematogenous spread is a type of metastatic spread involving the circulatory system.

REF:	10

	41.	A _____ is a type of cancer that is derived from connective tissue.
A.	carcinoma	
B.	lymphoma	
C.	sarcoma	
D.	leukemia	

ANS:	C
A sarcoma is a type of cancer that is derived from connective tissue.

REF:	10

	42.	An abnormal growth of cells that leads to the formation of a neoplasm that continues to grow, spread, and invade other tissues is called:
A.	benign neoplasm	
B.	carcinoma	
C.	metastasis	
D.	malignant neoplasm	

ANS:	D
A benign neoplasm remains localized and is generally noninvasive, whereas a malignant neoplasm continues to grow, spread, and invade other tissues.

REF:	10

	43.	Based on the TNM system, which symbol represents that there is no evidence of a tumor being present?
A.	T0	
B.	T1	
C.	T2	
D.	T4	

ANS:	A
The TNM system, based on the premise that cancers of similar histology are similar in their patterns of growth or extension, is used when classifying tumors and metastases.

REF:	11

	44.	Which one of these is not a treatment modality for cancer?
A.	Surgery	
B.	Chemotherapy	
C.	Radiation therapy	
D.	Positron emission tomography	

ANS:	D
PET is a diagnostic modality, not therapeutic.

REF:	10

	45.	For a cancer treatment to be considered curative, the patient must be cancer free for how long?
A.	At least 1 year.	
B.	At least 5 years.	
C.	At least 8 years.	
D.	At least 10 years.	

ANS:	B
Curative treatments allow the patient to be free of disease for 5 years or more, whereas palliative treatments are designed to relieve pain when a cure is not possible but treatment can improve the quality of life.

REF:	10

	46.	Palliative treatment is generally used for terminally ill patients.
A.	True	
B.	False	

ANS:	A
Curative treatments allow the patient to be free of disease for 5 years or more, whereas palliative treatments are designed to relieve pain when a cure is not possible but treatment can improve the quality of life.

REF:	10

	47.	Aden/o is the common root word for what?
A.	Vascular	
B.	Cartilage	
C.	Adipose	
D.	Gland	

ANS:	D
Aden/o is the most common word root for gland.

REF:	10

	48.	The spread of malignant tumor cells to a distant site is known as:
A.	carcinogenesis	
B.	hyperplasis	
C.	metastasis	
D.	contagious	

ANS:	C
Metastasis is the spread of malignant tumor cells and can occur in a variety of ways.

REF:	10

	49.	The classification of disease that results from mechanical forces or exposure to extreme temperatures is:
A.	neoplastic	
B.	degenerative	
C.	metabolic	
D.	traumatic	

ANS:	D
Traumatic diseases result from mechanical forces or exposure to extreme temperatures.

REF:	9

	50.	Trends in what statistical rates help to identify necessary medical interventions?
A.	Epidemiological	
B.	Morbidity	
C.	Mortality	
D.	Etiological	

ANS:	C
Trends in mortality rates are used in determining necessary intervention and possible prevention of diseases.

REF:	5

	51.	A patient placed in a long leg cast for 4 months would experience what type of alteration in his or her quadriceps femoris muscle?
A.	Atrophy	
B.	Hypertrophy	
C.	Hypopathy	
D.	Hypoplasia	

ANS:	A
The patient will experience atrophy, a decrease in cell size, evidenced in a reduction of muscle mass.

REF:	11

	52.	Which of the following was not a goal of the Human Genome Project?
A.	Identify all the genes in human DNA	
B.	Determine the sequence of the chemical base pairs that make up human DNA	
C.	Store all the gathered information individually and uniquely	
D.	Address any ethical issues that may arise from the Human Genome Project	

ANS:	C
One of the goals was to store all the information in databases, not individually and uniquely.

REF:	6