Chapter 1. History of Pharmacology

MULTIPLE CHOICE

	1.	While caring for a client who is taking furosemide (Lasix), the nurse recognizes dietary teaching has been effective if the patient includes which of the following foods in the daily menus?
a.	Blueberries and kiwis	
b.	Oranges and sweet potatoes	
c.	Kale and cucumbers	
d.	Bananas and watermelon	

ANS:	B

	Feedback	
A	Blueberries and kiwis are not the best choice to replace potassium losses from furosemide, as they are not potassium-rich foods. 	
B	Oranges and sweet potatoes help replace potassium losses from furosemide. 	
C	Kale and cucumbers do not provide adequate amounts of potassium to replace losses from furosemide. 	
D	Bananas are a high-potassium food; however, watermelon is not. Other melons, such as cantaloupe and honeydew, are high in potassium. 	

PTS:	1	REF:	Page 7

	2.	A client newly diagnosed with diabetes tells the nurse, “I can’t take any insulin made from pigs or cows.” Which of the following responses by the nurse is best?
a.	“Most insulin comes from animal sources, but I’m sure alternative options are available.”	
b.	“Medications that are derived from animals are typically less expensive than synthetic medications, but synthetic insulin is commonly available.”	
c.	“Most insulin is synthetic now, so your insulin won't be from animal sources.”	
d.	“The animals aren’t hurt in the production of medications, so you don’t need to worry.”	

ANS:	C

	Feedback	
A	In the past, insulins were derived mostly from animal sources; now, synthetic forms of insulin are most common. 	
B	Synthetic medications are less expensive than animal sources.	
C	Synthetic sources are most common today because they prevent disease transmission from animal sources. 	
D	This statement does not address the client’s statement. 	

PTS:	1	REF:	Page 8

	3.	While providing medications to clients on the cardiac unit, the nurse anticipates that hydralazine hydrochloride and isosorbide dinitrate (BiDil) would most likely be prescribed for which of the following clients?
a.	A 48-year-old Caucasian male diagnosed with atrial fibrillation	
b.	A 55-year-old African American female diagnosed with hypertension	
c.	A 63-year-old Caucasian female diagnosed with sick sinus syndrome	
d.	A 64-year-old African American male diagnosed with heart failure	

ANS:	D

	Feedback	
A	This medication is used to treat African American patients with heart failure, not patients with atrial fibrillation. 	
B	This medication is used to treat African American patients with heart failure, not patients with hypertension. 	
C	This medication is used to treat African American patients with heart failure, not patients with sick sinus syndrome. 	
D	This medication is used to treat African American patients with heart failure, so this patient description best matches the use of the medication. 	

PTS:	1	REF:	Page 8

	4.	While caring for a patient scheduled for knee replacement surgery, the nurse provides cefazolin (Ancef) as ordered 30 minutes preoperatively. The nurse knows that teaching has been effective by which of the following client statements?
a.	“This antibiotic is given as a prophylactic to help reduce the risk of infection after surgery.”	
b.	“This is a palliative medication to help ease the pain from surgery.”	
c.	“This medication will replace vitamins and minerals that may be lost due to bleeding during surgery.”	
d.	“This medication will help the surgeon identify areas of bone destruction due to arthritis.”	

ANS:	A

	Feedback	
A	Ancef is an example of an antibiotic used prior to surgery to prevent infection.	
B	Ancef is an antibiotic and does not provide pain relief. 	
C	Ancef is an antibiotic and does not replace minerals. 	
D	Ancef is an antibiotic and does not assist in identification of bone destruction.	

PTS:	1	REF:	Page 9

	5.	While caring for a patient with a history of hypothyroidism, the nurse expects which of the following medications to be included in the patient’s medication list?
a.	Levothyroxine sodium (Synthroid)	
b.	Estrogen (Estradiol)	
c.	Iodine 131	
d.	Carbimazole (Methimazole)	

ANS:	A

	Feedback	
A	Synthroid replaces thyroid hormone in individuals who have low levels due to hypothyroidism. 	
B	Estrogen is used as hormone replacement, often for women in menopause. 	
C	Iodine 131 is used in the diagnosis, not treatment, of thyroid conditions. 	
D	Carbimazole is used to reduce thyroid hormone production in those individuals who experience hyperthyroidism. 	

PTS:	1	REF:	Page 9

	6.	A 55-year-old patient with a history of vomiting is scheduled for a diagnostic radiograph of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Which of the following statements would the nurse include in the client’s teaching?
a.	“You will need to drink a large amount of bowel preparation solution to clear out your system before the test.”	
b.	“It is important that you be given a prophylactic medication to prevent aspiration during the test.”	
c.	“You will be asked to drink a barium contrast about 30 minutes before the test to help highlight any digestive problems.”	
d.	“You will be given a sedative to help make you sleepy during the testing procedure.”	

ANS:	C

	Feedback	
A	Bowel preparation solution, such as polyethylene glycol, is used for diagnostic testing of the lower gastrointestinal areas, not the upper gastrointestinal tract. 	
B	A radiograph is an x-ray. In this case, aspiration is not a concern, as the patient is not sedated for the test. 	
C	This is a correct statement. The barium is used to assist in viewing the upper gastrointestinal tract, in this case, allowing the practitioner to diagnose conditions. 	
D	A sedative is not given for this procedure. 	

PTS:	1	REF:	Page 9

	7.	Which of the following medication orders should the nurse use to carry out palliative care measures for a 29-year-old woman with advanced cancer?
a.	Cisplatin (Platinol) 50 mg IV weekly to start on day 8	
b.	Sorafenib (Nexavar) 200 mg orally twice daily for 7 days	
c.	Ondansetron (Zofran) 4 mg IV prior to chemotherapy	
d.	Morphine sulfate (Roxanol) 5 mg PO every 4 hours as needed for pain	

ANS:	D

	Feedback	
A	Cisplatin is an antineoplastic agent used to treat some advanced cancer. It is not a palliative treatment. 	
B	Sorafenib is a biological agent used to treat some types of cancer. It is not a palliative treatment. 	
C	Ondansetron is used to manage nausea and vomiting related to chemotherapy. 	
D	Morphine is a common treatment for palliative care. 	

PTS:	1	REF:	Page 9

	8.	A woman experiencing menopausal symptoms asks the nurse about conjugated estrogen (Premarin). Which of the following statements by the individual indicates an understanding of the medication’s origin?
a.	“I’m against animal cruelty, so I don’t want to take anything made from animal flesh.”	
b.	“I was told the medication is actually derived from the urine of pregnant horses.”	
c.	“Because I’m Jewish and keep Kosher, I can’t take the medication since it comes from pigs.”	
d.	“I think harvesting medicines from cows seems rather odd.”	

ANS:	B

	Feedback	
A	Conjugated estrogen is derived from a pregnant mare’s urine, not from the flesh of animals.	
B	This statement is accurate. Estrogen is derived from a pregnant mare’s urine.	
C	Conjugated estrogen is derived from horses, not from pigs. 	
D	Conjugated estrogen is derived from the urine of a pregnant mare, not from cows. 	

PTS:	1	REF:	Page 7

	9.	Which of the following best describes the benefit of the use of pharmacogenetics in the treatment of conditions?
a.	Pharmacogenetics is a new area of pharmacology developing rapidly.	
b.	Pharmacogenetics informs the family of inherited conditions.	
c.	Pharmacogenetics assists the physician to learn about the family.	
d.	Pharmacogenetics is used to identify the best drug and dose to be used.	

ANS:	D

	Feedback	
A	Although this statement is true, it does not describe the benefit to the use of pharmacogenetics. 	
B	Pharmacogenetics is used to learn about an individual’s response(s) to medications, not to reveal inherited conditions. 	
C	Pharmacogenetics does not assist the physician to learn about the family. The genetics specific to the individual are studied. 	
D	Pharmacogenetics identifies the best medication and dose to use for patient conditions such as cancer. 	

PTS:	1	REF:	Page 10

MULTIPLE RESPONSE

	1.	The nurse working in a diagnostic center is responsible for verifying client allergies prior to testing. A 47-year-old woman reports being allergic to iodine. For which of the following tests should the nurse inform the physician of the iodine allergy? (Select all that apply.)
a.	Computed axial tomography (CAT) scan	
b.	Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)	
c.	Colonoscopy	
d.	Thyroid scan	
e.	Ultrasound	

ANS:	A, B, D
	Feedback	
A.	A CAT scan may use contrast dye that contains iodine. The physician needs to be aware of the allergy. 	
B.	An MRI scan may use contrast dye that contains iodine. The physician needs to be aware of the allergy.	
C.	A colonoscopy does not use contrast dye to visualize the colon.	
D.	A thyroid scan exposes the patient to radioactive iodine to aid in diagnostic testing. The patient is allergic, so the physician should be aware of the allergy. 	
E. 	An ultrasound does not use dye to visualize the structures being assessed. 	

PTS:	1	REF:	Page 8

Chapter 1. History of Pharmacology

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____	1.	The Greek word pharmakon means
a.	medicine.	
b.	poison.	
c.	remedy.	
d.	medicine, poison, and remedy.	

____	2.	The Dutch word droog means
a.	drop.	
b.	drug.	
c.	dry.	
d.	dirge.	

____	3.	Most ancient societies treated illness based on
a.	visions received by medicine men.	
b.	trial and error.	
c.	religion.	
d.	animal sacrifice.	

____	4.	Early records show that pharmacological treatments consisted of
a.	plants.	
b.	minerals.	
c.	animal products.	
d.	plants, minerals, and animal products.	

____	5.	What did the Chinese document The Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic discuss for the first time?
a.	Yin and yang	
b.	Acupuncture	
c.	Meditation	
d.	Yin and yang and acupuncture	

____	6.	The first Chinese manual on pharmacology included 365 medicines and was written in the
a.	1st century CE.	
b.	2nd century CE.	
c.	3rd century CE.	
d.	4th century CE.	

____	7.	The Ebers Papyrus is
a.	an Iranian medical text written approximately 400 BCE.	
b.	an Egyptian medical document written approximately 1550 BCE.	
c.	an Eskimo medical paper written approximately 750 BCE.	
d.	a Roman medical document written approximately 600 BCE.	

____	8.	The Ebers Papyrus contains
a.	recipes for treating a variety of illnesses.	
b.	the first detailed drawing of the human anatomy.	
c.	journal entries of early healers.	
d.	death records	

____	9.	Al-Razi, an Iranian, wrote a 20-volume medical book named
a.	Hawi-Al.	
b.	Rad-Mal.	
c.	Al-Hawi.	
d.	Mal-Rad.	

____	10.	Examples of healers include all of the following except
a.	wise men.	
b.	shamans.	
c.	medicine men and women.	
d.	Tiki men.	
e.	witch doctors.	

____	11.	What event marked the beginning of modern pharmacology?
a.	Chemists isolating pure chemicals from plants	
b.	The discovery of microorganisms	
c.	The ability to create medication in a laboratory setting	
d.	Mass production of medication	

____	12.	The main cause of death of U.S. soldiers during World War I was
a.	infection.	
b.	accidents.	
c.	combat injuries.	
d.	infection and accidents.	

____	13.	What obstacle needed to be overcome to provide penicillin to soldiers during World War II?
a.	The high cost of the drug	
b.	Transportation of the drug	
c.	Production of penicillin in large enough quantities	
d.	Education of doctors about penicillin	

____	14.	The science of altering the source of drugs, allowing more to be produced or creating different variations of the source, is known as
a.	genetic engineering.	
b.	pharmacological engineering.	
c.	medication manipulation.	
d.	pharmacological harvesting	

____	15.	Pharmacological advances in the 21st century include which of the following?
a.	Gene splicing	
b.	Pharmacogenetics	
c.	Plant hybrid development	
d.	Gene splicing, pharmacogenetics and plant hybrid development	

____	16.	What plant is the source of most estrogen hormone replacements?
a.	Yams	
b.	Carrots	
c.	Acorn squash	
d.	Broccoli	

____	17.	What animal is a source of insulin?
a.	Cows	
b.	Horses	
c.	Pigs	
d.	Sheep	
e.	Both cows and pigs	

____	18.	Sources of drugs include all of the following except
a.	plants and animals.	
b.	synthetic materials.	
c.	minerals.	
d.	toxins.	
e.	air.	

____	19.	All of the following drugs are derived from plants except
a.	aspirin.	
b.	Novacain	
c.	ibuprofen.	
d.	digoxin.	
e.	vitamin C	

____	20.	Animal sources for drugs include
a.	horses.	
b.	cows.	
c.	pigs.	
d.	horses, cows, and pigs.	

____	21.	The term that refers to the effect a drug has on the body is
a.	pharmacodynamics.	
b.	pharmacokinetics.	
c.	pharmacocites.	
d.	pharmacyclics.	

____	22.	Which of the following drugs is prophylactic?
a.	Estrogen	
b.	Diuretic	
c.	Flu vaccine	
d.	Radiopaque dye	
e.	Fever reducer	

____	23.	Which of the following is a replacement drug?
a.	Estrogen	
b.	Diuretic	
c.	Flu vaccine	
d.	Radiopaque dye	
e.	Fever reducer	

____	24.	Which of the following drugs is palliative?
a.	Estrogen	
b.	Diuretic	
c.	Flu vaccine	
d.	Radiopaque dye	
e.	Fever reducer	

____	25.	What is the source of potassium chloride?
a.	Animal	
b.	Plant	
c.	Mineral	
d.	Human	
e.	Synthetic	

____	26.	What is the source of barbiturates?
a.	Animal	
b.	Plant	
c.	Mineral	
d.	Human	
e.	Synthetic	

____	27.	Which of the following is a replacement drug?
a.	Digoxin	
b.	Lasix	
c.	Accutane	
d.	Synthroid	
e.	Plavix	

____	28.	Which of the following is a diagnostic drug?
a.	Estrogen	
b.	Barium	
c.	Flu vaccine	
d.	Anti-cancer drug	
e.	Vitamin C	

____	29.	Which of the following is a destructive drug?
a.	Antibiotic	
b.	Insulin	
c.	Diuretic	
d.	Psychotropic	
e.	Potassium chloride	

____	30.	What is a standardized set of health care services a provider can render called?
a.	Scope of practice	
b.	Bill of goods	
c.	Bill of services	
d.	Scope of action	

Matching

Match the following medication categories with their definitions.
a.	Curative	
b.	Prophylactic	
c.	Diagnostic	
d.	Palliative	
e.	Replacement	
f.	Destructive	

____	31.	Medication that prevents a problem from occurring

____	32.	Medication that helps determine if disease is present

____	33.	Medication that treats and corrects an illness

____	34.	Medication that destroys something

____	35.	Medication that makes the patient more comfortable

____	36.	Medication that supplements or provides something that the patient is lacking

Chapter 1. History of Pharmacology
Answer Section

MULTIPLE CHOICE

	1.	ANS:	D
Rationale: Pharmakon refers to the curing of illness, thus meaning medicine and remedy, as well as to poison, because early medicines were toxic enough to kill a patient or enemy.

PTS:	1	DIF:	Basic	TOP:	Unit 1: Introduction to Pharmacology
KEY:	History	
MSC:	ABHES goal — Define and use entire basic structure of medical words and be able to accurately identify in the correct context, i.e., root, prefix, suffix, combinations, spelling, and definitions | CAAHEP goal V.9 — Identify medical terms labeling the word parts

	2.	ANS:	C
Rationale: Droog, which means dry, is the origin of the word drug, such as in the use of dry herbs as medications.

PTS:	1	DIF:	Intermediate	TOP:	Unit 1: Introduction to Pharmacology
KEY:	History	
MSC:	ABHES goal — Define and use entire basic structure of medical words and be able to accurately identify in the correct context, i.e., root, prefix, suffix, combinations, spelling, and definitions | CAAHEP goal V.9 — Identify medical terms labeling the word parts

	3.	ANS:	B
Rationale: Ancient societies had little knowledge of how the human body worked; therefore, treating illness was often based on trial and error.

PTS:	1	DIF:	Intermediate	TOP:	Unit 1: Introduction to Pharmacology
KEY:	History	
MSC:	ABHES goal — Analyze the effect of hereditary, cultural, and environmental influences | CAAHEP goal V.18 — Discuss examples of diversity		

	4.	ANS:	D
Rationale: Early records show that plants, minerals, and animal products were the only sources available; therefore, they were the only things used.

PTS:	1	DIF:	Basic	TOP:	Unit 1: Introduction to Pharmacology
KEY:	History	
MSC:	ABHES goal — Analyze the effect of hereditary, cultural, and environmental influences | CAAHEP goal V.18 — Discuss examples of diversity		

	5.	ANS:	D
Rationale: This was a very early document discussing yin and yang and acupuncture.

PTS:	1	DIF:	Intermediate	TOP:	Unit 1: Introduction to Pharmacology
KEY:	History	
MSC:	ABHES goal — Analyze the effect of hereditary, cultural, and environmental influences | CAAHEP goal V.18 — Discuss examples of diversity		

	6.	ANS:	A
Rationale: The first Chinese manual on pharmacology was written in the 1st century CE and included 365 medicines, 252 of which were herbs.

PTS:	1	DIF:	Basic	TOP:	Unit 1: Introduction to Pharmacology
KEY:	History	
MSC:	ABHES goal — Analyze the effect of hereditary, cultural, and environmental influences | CAAHEP goal V.18 — Discuss examples of diversity		

	7.	ANS:	B
Rationale: The Ebers Papyrus is an Egyptian medical document that was written circa 1550 B.C. and lists about 700 “recipes” for a host of illnesses, from crocodile bites to psychiatric illnesses.

PTS:	1	DIF:	Basic	TOP:	Unit 1: Introduction to Pharmacology
KEY:	Ebers Papyrus | History	
MSC:	ABHES goal — Analyze the effect of hereditary, cultural, and environmental influences | CAAHEP goal V.18 — Discuss examples of diversity		

	8.	ANS:	A
Rationale: The Ebers Papyrus is an Egyptian medical document that was written circa 1550 BCE and lists about 700 “recipes” for a host of illnesses, from crocodile bites to psychiatric illnesses.

PTS:	1	DIF:	Intermediate	TOP:	Unit 1: Introduction to Pharmacology
KEY:	Ebers Papyrus | History	
MSC:	ABHES goal — Analyze the effect of hereditary, cultural, and environmental influences | CAAHEP goal V.18 — Discuss examples of diversity		

	9.	ANS:	C
Rationale: Al-Hawi is a 20-volume medical book written by the Iranian Al-Razi. This text was translated into Latin in the 13th century, greatly influencing medicine in medieval Europe.

PTS:	1	DIF:	Basic	TOP:	Unit 1: Introduction to Pharmacology
KEY:	Al-Hawi | History		
MSC:	ABHES goal — Analyze the effect of hereditary, cultural, and environmental influences | CAAHEP goal V.18 — Discuss examples of diversity		

	10.	ANS:	D
Rationale: Healers were known as wise men, shamans, witch doctors, and medicine men and women.

PTS:	1	DIF:	Basic	TOP:	Unit 1: Introduction to Pharmacology
KEY:	History	
MSC:	ABHES goal — Analyze the effect of hereditary, cultural, and environmental influences | CAAHEP goal V.18 — Discuss examples of diversity		

	11.	ANS:	A
Rationale: During the 1800s, chemists were finally able to isolate the pure chemicals needed to make medicine from plants, marking the beginning of modern pharmacology.

PTS:	1	DIF:	Intermediate	TOP:	Unit 1: Introduction to Pharmacology
KEY:	History	
MSC:	ABHES goal — Analyze the effect of hereditary, cultural, and environmental influences | CAAHEP goal V.18 — Discuss examples of diversity		

	12.	ANS:	D
Rationale: More U.S. soldiers died in World War I of infection and accidents than of actual combat injuries.

PTS:	1	DIF:	Intermediate	TOP:	Unit 1: Introduction to Pharmacology
KEY:	History	
MSC:	ABHES goal — Analyze the effect of hereditary, cultural, and environmental influences | CAAHEP goal V.18 — Discuss examples of diversity		

	13.	ANS:	C
Rationale: During World War II, mass production of penicillin began and was able to provide the antibiotic to the war effort, thus minimizing deaths caused by infection.

PTS:	1	DIF:	Intermediate	TOP:	Unit 1: Introduction to Pharmacology
KEY:	History | Penicillin		
MSC:	ABHES goal — Analyze the effect of hereditary, cultural, and environmental influences | CAAHEP goal V.18 — Discuss examples of diversity		

	14.	ANS:	A
Rationale: Genetic engineering can alter the source of drugs, allowing more to be produced or creating different variations of the source.

PTS:	1	DIF:	Intermediate	TOP:	Unit 1: Introduction to Pharmacology
KEY:	History | Genetic engineering	
MSC:	ABHES goal — Define and use entire basic structure of medical words and be able to accurately identify in the correct context, i.e., root, prefix, suffix, combinations, spelling, and definitions | CAAHEP goal V.9 — Identify medical terms labeling the word parts

	15.	ANS:	B
Rationale: In the 21st century, pharmacogenetics studies the individual candidate genes to specifically match medications to the patient through their genetic makeup.

PTS:	1	DIF:	Basic	TOP:	Unit 1: Introduction to Pharmacology
KEY:	History | Pharmacogenetics	
MSC:	ABHES goal — Define and use entire basic structure of medical words and be able to accurately identify in the correct context, i.e., root, prefix, suffix, combinations, spelling, and definitions | CAAHEP goal V.9 — Identify medical terms labeling the word parts

	16.	ANS:	A
Rationale: Most estrogen hormone replacements come from yams.

PTS:	1	DIF:	Basic	TOP:	Unit 1: Introduction to Pharmacology
KEY:	History | Drug sources	
MSC:	ABHES goal — Define and use entire basic structure of medical words and be able to accurately identify in the correct context, i.e., root, prefix, suffix, combinations, spelling, and definitions | CAAHEP goal V.9 — Identify medical terms labeling the word parts

	17.	ANS:	E
Rationale: Insulin is collected from the pancreases of cows or pigs.

PTS:	1	DIF:	Basic	TOP:	Unit 1: Introduction to Pharmacology
KEY:	History | Drug sources	
MSC:	ABHES goal — Define and use entire basic structure of medical words and be able to accurately identify in the correct context, i.e., root, prefix, suffix, combinations, spelling, and definitions | CAAHEP goal V.9 — Identify medical terms labeling the word parts

	18.	ANS:	E
Rationale: Drug sources include synthetic materials (manufactured in a sterile clinical lab), plants, animals, minerals, and toxins.

PTS:	1	DIF:	Basic	TOP:	Unit 1: Introduction to Pharmacology
KEY:	History | Drug sources	
MSC:	ABHES goal — Identify drug classification | CAAHEP goal V.9 — Identify medical terms labeling the word parts

	19.	ANS:	C
Rationale: Ibuprofen is an example of a medication that is produced synthetically in a laboratory. Aspirin comes from bark of the white willow tree, Rose hips are a rich source of vitamin C, digoxin comes from the foxglove plant, and Novocain comes from the coca plant.

PTS:	1	DIF:	Intermediate	TOP:	Unit 1: Introduction to Pharmacology
KEY:	History | Drug sources	
MSC:	ABHES goal — Identify drug classification | CAAHEP goal V.9 — Identify medical terms labeling the word parts

	20.	ANS:	D
Rationale: Domesticated animals are used for some medications. Premarin is produced from a pregnant mare’s urine, cows and pigs provide hormone replacement medications such as insulin, and lanolin is made from sheep’s wool.

PTS:	1	DIF:	Basic	TOP:	Unit 1: Introduction to Pharmacology
KEY:	History | Drug sources	
MSC:	ABHES goal — Identify drug classification | CAAHEP goal V.9 — Identify medical terms labeling the word parts

	21.	ANS:	A
Rationale: Pharmacodynamics refers to the effect a drug has on the body or, scientifically, the negative and positive biochemical and physiological changes it creates.

PTS:	1	DIF:	Intermediate	TOP:	Unit 1: Introduction to Pharmacology
KEY:	History | Pharmacology	
MSC:	ABHES goal — Define and use entire basic structure of medical words and be able to accurately identify in the correct context, i.e., root, prefix, suffix, combinations, spelling, and definitions | CAAHEP goal V.9 — Identify medical terms labeling the word parts

	22.	ANS:	C
Rationale: The flu vaccine is administered to prevent the patient from contracting influenza.

PTS:	1	DIF:	Intermediate	TOP:	Unit 1: Introduction to Pharmacology
KEY:	Pharmacology			
MSC:	ABHES goal — Define and use entire basic structure of medical words and be able to accurately identify in the correct context, i.e., root, prefix, suffix, combinations, spelling, and definitions | CAAHEP goal V.9 — Identify medical terms labeling the word parts

	23.	ANS:	A
Rationale: Estrogen is a female hormone that is lost when the ovaries no longer function appropriately because of disease or surgery. Therefore, estrogen would be administered to replace the naturally occurring estrogen that is now absent.

PTS:	1	DIF:	Intermediate	TOP:	Unit 1: Introduction to Pharmacology
KEY:	Pharmacology			
MSC:	ABHES goal — Define and use entire basic structure of medical words and be able to accurately identify in the correct context, i.e., root, prefix, suffix, combinations, spelling, and definitions | CAAHEP goal V.9 — Identify medical terms labeling the word parts

	24.	ANS:	E
Rationale: Fever reducers such as acetaminophen are administered as a palliative measure, which means that the patient is being given medication to ease symptoms, not cure disease.

PTS:	1	DIF:	Intermediate	TOP:	Unit 1: Introduction to Pharmacology
KEY:	Pharmacology			
MSC:	ABHES goal — Define and use entire basic structure of medical words and be able to accurately identify in the correct context, i.e., root, prefix, suffix, combinations, spelling, and definitions | CAAHEP goal V.9 — Identify medical terms labeling the word parts

	25.	ANS:	C
Rationale: Potassium is necessary for the heart to function properly, so patients who are at risk for potassium deficiencies are given the medication potassium chloride, which is obtained from the earth in mineral form.

PTS:	1	DIF:	Basic	TOP:	Unit 1: Introduction to Pharmacology
KEY:	Pharmacology			
MSC:	ABHES goal — Define and use entire basic structure of medical words and be able to accurately identify in the correct context, i.e., root, prefix, suffix, combinations, spelling, and definitions | CAAHEP goal V.9 — Identify medical terms labeling the word parts

	26.	ANS:	E
Rationale: Barbiturates are examples of medications produced in sterile laboratories and, therefore, are synthetic medications.

PTS:	1	DIF:	Intermediate	TOP:	Unit 1: Introduction to Pharmacology
KEY:	Pharmacology			
MSC:	ABHES goal — Define and use entire basic structure of medical words and be able to accurately identify in the correct context, i.e., root, prefix, suffix, combinations, spelling, and definitions | CAAHEP goal V.9 — Identify medical terms labeling the word parts

	27.	ANS:	D
Rationale: Synthroid is a form of thyroid hormone that is used as a replacement when the thyroid gland is not producing enough of the hormone on its own.

PTS:	1	DIF:	Intermediate	TOP:	Unit 1: Introduction to Pharmacology
KEY:	Pharmacology			
MSC:	ABHES goal — Define and use entire basic structure of medical words and be able to accurately identify in the correct context, i.e., root, prefix, suffix, combinations, spelling, and definitions | CAAHEP goal V.9 — Identify medical terms labeling the word parts

	28.	ANS:	B
Rationale: Barium is used to make soft organs more visible during radiography, thus helping to diagnose disease processes.

PTS:	1	DIF:	Intermediate	TOP:	Unit 1: Introduction to Pharmacology
KEY:	Pharmacology			
MSC:	ABHES goal — Define and use entire basic structure of medical words and be able to accurately identify in the correct context, i.e., root, prefix, suffix, combinations, spelling, and definitions | CAAHEP goal V.9 — Identify medical terms labeling the word parts

	29.	ANS:	A
Rationale: Antibiotics are considered destructive drugs because they kill or destroy bacteria.

PTS:	1	DIF:	Advanced	TOP:	Unit 1: Introduction to Pharmacology
KEY:	Pharmacology			
MSC:	ABHES goal — Define and use entire basic structure of medical words and be able to accurately identify in the correct context, i.e., root, prefix, suffix, combinations, spelling, and definitions | CAAHEP goal V.9 — Identify medical terms labeling the word parts

	30.	ANS:	A
Rationale: All health care providers must work within their scope of practice, which is a standardized set of health care services a provider can render and the extent they may do so independently. These functions are based on state laws and the provider’s education, experience, and skills.

PTS:	1	DIF:	Basic	TOP:	Unit 1: Introduction to Pharmacology
KEY:	Pharmacology			
MSC:	ABHES goal — Define and use entire basic structure of medical words and be able to accurately identify in the correct context, i.e., root, prefix, suffix, combinations, spelling, and definitions | CAAHEP goal V.9 — Identify medical terms labeling the word parts

MATCHING

	31.	ANS:	B	PTS:	1	DIF:	Intermediate	
TOP:	Unit 1: Introduction to Pharmacology		KEY:	Pharmacology
MSC:	ABHES goal — Define and use entire basic structure of medical words and be able to accurately identify in the correct context, i.e., root, prefix, suffix, combinations, spelling, and definitions | CAAHEP goal V.9 — Identify medical terms labeling the word parts

	32.	ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	Intermediate	
TOP:	Unit 1: Introduction to Pharmacology		KEY:	Pharmacology
MSC:	ABHES goal — Define and use entire basic structure of medical words and be able to accurately identify in the correct context, i.e., root, prefix, suffix, combinations, spelling, and definitions | CAAHEP goal V.9 — Identify medical terms labeling the word parts

	33.	ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	Intermediate	
TOP:	Unit 1: Introduction to Pharmacology		KEY:	Pharmacology
MSC:	ABHES goal — Define and use entire basic structure of medical words and be able to accurately identify in the correct context, i.e., root, prefix, suffix, combinations, spelling, and definitions | CAAHEP goal V.9 — Identify medical terms labeling the word parts

	34.	ANS:	F	PTS:	1	DIF:	Intermediate	
TOP:	Unit 1: Introduction to Pharmacology		KEY:	Pharmacology
MSC:	ABHES goal — Define and use entire basic structure of medical words and be able to accurately identify in the correct context, i.e., root, prefix, suffix, combinations, spelling, and definitions | CAAHEP goal V.9 — Identify medical terms labeling the word parts

	35.	ANS:	D	PTS:	1	DIF:	Intermediate	
TOP:	Unit 1: Introduction to Pharmacology		KEY:	Pharmacology
MSC:	ABHES goal — Define and use entire basic structure of medical words and be able to accurately identify in the correct context, i.e., root, prefix, suffix, combinations, spelling, and definitions | CAAHEP goal V.9 — Identify medical terms labeling the word parts

	36.	ANS:	E	PTS:	1	DIF:	Intermediate	
TOP:	Unit 1: Introduction to Pharmacology		KEY:	Pharmacology
MSC:	ABHES goal — Define and use entire basic structure of medical words and be able to accurately identify in the correct context, i.e., root, prefix, suffix, combinations, spelling, and definitions | CAAHEP goal V.9 — Identify medical terms labeling the word parts