Chapter 1: Orientation to the Human Body

MATCHING

Match the name of each organ system to its key components.
a.	integumentary system	g.	nervous system	
b.	skeletal system	h.	endocrine system	
c.	muscular system	i.	circulatory system	
d.	lymphatic system	j.	digestive system	
e.	respiratory system	k.	male reproductive system	
f.	urinary system	l.	female reproductive system	

	1.	Consists of stomach, small and large intestines, liver, and pancreas

	2.	Consists of skin, hair, and nails

	3.	Consists of kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra

	4.	Consists primarily of skeletal muscles

	5.	Consists of heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries

	6.	Consists of brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sense organs

	7.	Consists of ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, and breasts

	8.	Consists of pituitary gland, adrenals, pancreas, and thyroid

	9.	Consists of lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, lymph, thymus, and spleen

	10.	Consists of the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs

	1.	ANS:	J	PTS:	1	DIF:	E	REF:	6
KEY:	REMEMBERING	

	2.	ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	E	REF:	5
KEY:	REMEMBERING	

	3.	ANS:	F	PTS:	1	DIF:	E	REF:	5
KEY:	REMEMBERING	

	4.	ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	E	REF:	5
KEY:	REMEMBERING	

	5.	ANS:	I	PTS:	1	DIF:	E	REF:	6
KEY:	REMEMBERING	

	6.	ANS:	G	PTS:	1	DIF:	E	REF:	6
KEY:	REMEMBERING	

	7.	ANS:	L	PTS:	1	DIF:	E	REF:	6
KEY:	REMEMBERING	

	8.	ANS:	H	PTS:	1	DIF:	E	REF:	6
KEY:	REMEMBERING	

	9.	ANS:	D	PTS:	1	DIF:	E	REF:	5
KEY:	REMEMBERING	

	10.	ANS:	E	PTS:	1	DIF:	E	REF:	5
KEY:	REMEMBERING	

Match each term to its definition.
a.	distal	f.	inferior	
b.	proximal	g.	anterior	
c.	medial	h.	posterior	
d.	lateral	i.	superficial	
e.	superior	j.	deep	

	11.	Toward the back of the body

	12.	Farthest from the point of origin

	13.	Above

	14.	At or near the body’s surface

	15.	Toward the body’s midline

	16.	Closest to the point of origin

	17.	Toward the front of the body

	18.	Below

	11.	ANS:	H	PTS:	1	DIF:	E	REF:	7
KEY:	REMEMBERING	

	12.	ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	E	REF:	7
KEY:	REMEMBERING	

	13.	ANS:	E	PTS:	1	DIF:	E	REF:	7
KEY:	REMEMBERING	

	14.	ANS:	I	PTS:	1	DIF:	E	REF:	7
KEY:	REMEMBERING	

	15.	ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	E	REF:	7
KEY:	REMEMBERING	

	16.	ANS:	B	PTS:	1	DIF:	E	REF:	7
KEY:	REMEMBERING	

	17.	ANS:	G	PTS:	1	DIF:	E	REF:	7
KEY:	REMEMBERING	

	18.	ANS:	F	PTS:	1	DIF:	E	REF:	7
KEY:	REMEMBERING	

Match each term to its location on the body.
a.	frontal	i.	buccal	
b.	deltoid	j.	cephalic	
c.	brachial	k.	lumbar	
d.	inguinal	l.	calcaneal	
e.	pectoral	m.	plantar	
f.	sternal	n.	pedal	
g.	digital	o.	tarsal	
h.	antecubital	p.	axillary	

	19.	Arm

	20.	Lower back

	21.	Armpit

	22.	Heel

	23.	Fingers

	24.	Shoulder

	25.	Sole of the foot

	26.	Forehead

	27.	Chest

	28.	Front of elbow

	29.	Foot

	30.	Cheek

	31.	Groin

	32.	Ankle

	19.	ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	M	REF:	9
KEY:	REMEMBERING	

	20.	ANS:	K	PTS:	1	DIF:	M	REF:	9
KEY:	REMEMBERING	

	21.	ANS:	P	PTS:	1	DIF:	M	REF:	9
KEY:	REMEMBERING	

	22.	ANS:	L	PTS:	1	DIF:	M	REF:	9
KEY:	REMEMBERING	

	23.	ANS:	G	PTS:	1	DIF:	M	REF:	9
KEY:	REMEMBERING	

	24.	ANS:	B	PTS:	1	DIF:	M	REF:	9
KEY:	REMEMBERING	

	25.	ANS:	M	PTS:	1	DIF:	M	REF:	9
KEY:	REMEMBERING	

	26.	ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	M	REF:	9
KEY:	REMEMBERING	

	27.	ANS:	E	PTS:	1	DIF:	M	REF:	9
KEY:	REMEMBERING	

	28.	ANS:	H	PTS:	1	DIF:	M	REF:	9
KEY:	REMEMBERING	

	29.	ANS:	N	PTS:	1	DIF:	M	REF:	9
KEY:	REMEMBERING	

	30.	ANS:	I	PTS:	1	DIF:	M	REF:	9
KEY:	REMEMBERING	

	31.	ANS:	D	PTS:	1	DIF:	M	REF:	9
KEY:	REMEMBERING	

	32.	ANS:	O	PTS:	1	DIF:	M	REF:	9
KEY:	REMEMBERING	

MULTIPLE CHOICE

	33.	Which organ system produces immune cells and has a role in fluid balance?
a.	Integumentary system	
b.	Circulatory system	
c.	Endocrine system	
d.	Lymphatic system	

ANS:	D
The lymphatic system produces immune cells and has a role in fluid balance. The integumentary system has a role in protection, temperature regulation, water retention, and sensation. The circulatory system distributes oxygen, nutrients, water, hormones, and other electrolytes; it also has a role in fluid and electrolyte balance. The endocrine system produces hormones and regulates other systems.

PTS:	1	DIF:	E	REF:	5	KEY:	REMEMBERING

	34.	Which organ system protects organs, allows for support and movement, and also plays a key role in blood formation?
a.	Circulatory system	
b.	Muscular system	
c.	Skeletal system	
d.	Nervous system	

ANS:	C
The skeletal system protects organs, gives the body support and allows it to move, and also plays a role in the formation of blood cells. The circulatory system distributes oxygen, nutrients, water, hormones, and other electrolytes; it also has a role in fluid and electrolyte balance. The muscular system allows the body to move and produces heat. The nervous system regulates and coordinates other systems, and also has a role in sensation and memory.

PTS:	1	DIF:	E	REF:	5	KEY:	REMEMBERING

	35.	Which type of tissue covers the body’s surface?
a.	Epithelial	
b.	Connective	
c.	Muscle	
d.	Nerve	

ANS:	A
Epithelial tissue covers the body surfaces. Connective tissue connects and supports parts of the body. Muscle contracts to produce movement. Nerve tissue generates and transmits impulses to regulate body function.

PTS:	1	DIF:	E	REF:	4	KEY:	REMEMBERING

	36.	Bone, cartilage, and adipose tissue are all types of
a.	epithelial tissue.	
b.	connective tissue.	
c.	muscle.	
d.	nerve tissue.	

ANS:	B
Bone, cartilage, and adipose tissue are all types of connective tissue.

PTS:	1	DIF:	M	REF:	4	KEY:	UNDERSTANDING

	37.	The type of plane that divides the body horizontally into upper and lower portions is called a
a.	sagittal plane.	
b.	frontal plane.	
c.	transverse plane.	
d.	coronal plane.	

ANS:	C
A transverse plane divides the body horizontally into upper and lower portions. A sagittal plane divides the body lengthwise into right and left sides. A frontal plane divides the body lengthwise into anterior and posterior positions. A coronal plane is another name for a frontal plane.

PTS:	1	DIF:	E	REF:	8	KEY:	REMEMBERING

	38.	Most illustrations that show the contents of the abdominal cavity use what type of plane?
a.	Sagittal	
b.	Transverse	
c.	Horizontal	
d.	Frontal	

ANS:	D
Most illustrations that show the contents of the abdominal cavity use a frontal plane. A sagittal plane is used to illustrate the organs of the head or pelvic cavity. A horizontal plane is another name for a transverse plane. A transverse plane is used by computed tomography scanners.

PTS:	1	DIF:	M	REF:	8	KEY:	APPLYING

	39.	Which of the following correctly describes the anatomical position?
a.	Standing erect, facing forward, with arms outstretched	
b.	Standing erect with arms at sides, palms facing backward, face and feet facing forward	
c.	Standing erect with arms overhead, face and feet facing forward	
d.	Standing erect with arms at sides and with palms, face, and feet facing forward	

ANS:	D
The anatomical position involves standing erect with arms at the sides and with face, palms, and feet facing forward.

PTS:	1	DIF:	E	REF:	7	KEY:	REMEMBERING

	40.	The dorsal cavity contains the
a.	thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.	
b.	cranial and spinal cavities.	
c.	mediastinum and pleural cavities.	
d.	abdominal and pelvic cavities.	

ANS:	B
The dorsal cavity contains the cranial and spinal cavities. The other cavities are all contained in the ventral cavity.

PTS:	1	DIF:	M	REF:	10	KEY:	REMEMBERING

	41.	The heart is located in the mediastinum, which is part of what cavity?
a.	Thoracic cavity	
b.	Dorsal cavity	
c.	Spinal cavity	
d.	Cranial cavity	

ANS:	A
The mediastinum is part of the thoracic cavity. The dorsal cavity is located at the back of the body. The spinal and cranial cavities are part of the dorsal cavity.

PTS:	1	DIF:	E	REF:	10	KEY:	REMEMBERING

	42.	A patient comes to the hospital for treatment of pain in the right hypochondriac region. Based on the organs located in that region, which organ might be causing the pain?
a.	Stomach	
b.	Small intestines	
c.	Gallbladder	
d.	Appendix	

ANS:	C
The gallbladder is located in the right hypochondriac region. The stomach is found in the epigastric region. The small intestines are in the right and left lumbar regions, right and left iliac regions, and hypogastric region. The appendix is in the right iliac region.

PTS:	1	DIF:	D	REF:	11	KEY:	ANALYZING

COMPLETION

	43.	The structure of the body is called ____________________; how it functions is called ____________________.

ANS:	anatomy, physiology

PTS:	1	DIF:	E	REF:	3	KEY:	REMEMBERING

	44.	The human body is organized from the very ____________________ to the very ____________________.

ANS:	simple, complex

PTS:	1	DIF:	E	REF:	4	KEY:	REMEMBERING

	45.	The region proximal to the patellar region and distal to the inguinal region is the ____________________ region.

ANS:	femoral

PTS:	1	DIF:	D	REF:	9	KEY:	APPLYING

	46.	The region superior to the pubic region and inferior to the abdominal region is the ____________________ region.

ANS:	pelvic

PTS:	1	DIF:	D	REF:	9	KEY:	APPLYING

	47.	The two major body cavities are the ____________________ and ____________________ cavities.

ANS:	
dorsal, ventral
ventral, dorsal

PTS:	1	DIF:	E	REF:	10	KEY:	REMEMBERING

	48.	The constancy of the body’s internal environment is called ____________________.

ANS:	homeostasis

PTS:	1	DIF:	E	REF:	12	KEY:	REMEMBERING

	49.	____________________ feedback is when an effector opposes the stimulus and reverses the direction of change.

ANS:	Negative

PTS:	1	DIF:	M	REF:	13	KEY:	REMEMBERING

	50.	During childbirth, the hormone oxytocin is released, which causes even greater contractions and an even greater release of oxytocin. This is an example of ____________________ feedback.

ANS:	positive

PTS:	1	DIF:	M	REF:	13	KEY:	APPLYING