Christensen & Kockrow: Foundations of Nursing, 5th Edition

Test Bank

Chapter 1 The Evolution of Nursing

MULTIPLE CHOICE

	1.	A nursing program which has been certified by a state agency is said to be
1.	accredited.	
2.	approved.	
3.	provisional.	
4.	exemplified.	

ANS:	2
Approved means certified by a state agency for having met minimum standards; accredited means certification by the NLN for having met more complex standards.

DIF:	Cognitive Level: Analysis	REF:	Page 8	OBJ:	1
TOP:	Nursing programs		KEY:	Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC:	NCLEX: N/A		

	2.	The process to obtain a nursing license in another state when the person has passed the  NCLEX® exam in their own state is to
1.	retake the NCLEX® examination in the new state.	
2.	pass NCLEX® with a score high enough to meet the new state requirements.	
3.	attend a nursing program in the new state.	
4.	utilize the reciprocity agreement between states.	

ANS:	4
Reciprocity allows licensure from another state.

DIF:	Cognitive Level: Application	REF:	Page 10	OBJ:	11
TOP:	Licensure	KEY:	Nursing Process Step: N/A	MSC:	NCLEX: N/A

	3.	When discussing the health care delivery system, the nurse must recognize that
1.	it includes all states.	
2.	it affects the illness of patients.	
3.	insurance companies are not involved.	
4.	the major goal is to achieve optimal levels of health care.	

ANS:	4
The nurse must recognize that in the health care delivery system, the major goal is to achieve optimal levels of health care.

DIF:	Cognitive Level: Application	REF:	Page 12	OBJ:	9
TOP:	Health care systems		KEY:	Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC:	NCLEX: N/A		

	4.	In order to identify the needs of a patient and design care to meet those needs, the health care team requires
1.	the Kardex.	
2.	the doctor’s order sheet.	
3.	an individualized care plan.	
4.	nurse’s notes.	

ANS:	3
An individualized care plan involves all health care workers and outlines care to meet the needs of the individual patient.

DIF:	Cognitive Level: Application	REF:	Page 14	OBJ:	9
TOP:	Care plan	KEY:	Nursing Process Step: Planning	MSC:	NCLEX: N/A

	5.	The patient care emphasis on wellness, rather than illness, came about as a result of
1.	increased education concerning causes of illness.	
2.	improved insurance payments.	
3.	decentralized care centers.	
4.	increased numbers of health care givers.	

ANS:	1
Once causes were found, emphasis shifted from cure to prevention.

DIF:	Cognitive Level: Analysis	REF:	Page 11	OBJ:	8
TOP:	Wellness	KEY:	Nursing Process Step: N/A	MSC:	NCLEX: N/A

	6.	The most effective process that can assure that the care plan is meeting the needs of the patient or, if not, which changes should be made, is
1.	documentation.	
2.	communication.	
3.	evaluation.	
4.	planning.	

ANS:	2
Communication is essential among the health care team to evaluate and modify the care plan.

DIF:	Cognitive Level: Analysis	REF:	Page 14	OBJ:	9
TOP:	Communication		KEY:	Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC:	NCLEX: N/A		

	7.	An interdisciplinary approach to patient treatment enhances care by
1.	improving efficiency of care.	
2.	reducing the number of caregivers.	
3.	preventing the fragmentation of patient care.	
4.	shortening hospital stay.	

ANS:	3
An interdisciplinary approach prevents fragmentation of care.

DIF:	Cognitive Level: Application	REF:	Page 14	OBJ:	8
TOP:	Interdisciplinary approach	KEY:	Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC:	NCLEX: N/A		

	8.	A newly licensed LPN/LVN may practice
1.	independently in a hospital setting.	
2.	with an experienced LPN/LVN.	
3.	under the supervision of a physician or RN.	
4.	as a sole practitioner in a clinic setting.	

ANS:	3
An LPN/LVN practices under the supervision of a physician, dentist, OD, or RN.

DIF:	Cognitive Level: Application	REF:	Page 12	OBJ:	10
TOP:	Vocational nursing		KEY:	Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC:	NCLEX: N/A		

	9.	The nineteenth century nursing personality whose influence on nursing practice was related to the improvement of patient environment as a method of health promotion was
1.	Clara Barton.	
2.	Linda Richards.	
3.	Dorothea Dix.	
4.	Florence Nightingale.	

ANS:	4
The influence of Florence Nightingale was highly significant in the nineteenth century as she fought for sanitary conditions, fresh air, and general improvement in the patient environment.

DIF:	Cognitive Level: Application	REF:	Page 16, Table 1-1	
OBJ:	3	TOP:	Nursing leaders		
KEY:	Nursing Process Step: N/A	MSC:	NCLEX: N/A		

	10.	The document in which the role and responsibilities of the LPN/LVN is identified is the
1.	NLN accreditation standards.	
2.	State Practice Act.	
3.	NAPNE code.	
4.	American Nurses Association code.	

ANS:	2
The LPN/LVN functions under the State Practice Act.

DIF:	Cognitive Level: Application	REF:	Page 12	OBJ:	11
TOP:	State practice acts		KEY:	Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC:	NCLEX: N/A		

	11.	The more cost-effective delivery of care being used by many hospitals which allows the LPN/LVN to work with the RN to meet the needs of patients is
1.	focused nursing.	
2.	team nursing.	
3.	case management.	
4.	primary nursing.	

ANS:	3
Case management is a cost-effective method of care.

DIF:	Cognitive Level: Analysis	REF:	Page 13	OBJ:	11
TOP:	Patient care delivery systems	KEY:	Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC:	NCLEX: N/A		

	12.	The American Hospital Association's 1972 document which outlines the patient’s expectations to be treated with dignity and compassion is
1.	Code of Ethics.	
2.	Patient’s Bill of Rights.	
3.	OBRA.	
4.	advance directives.	

ANS:	2
Patient expectations are outlined by the Patient’s Bill of Rights.

DIF:	Cognitive Level: Comprehension	REF:	Page 14	OBJ:	8
TOP:	Patient’s rights		KEY:	Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC:	NCLEX: N/A		

	13.	The concepts of nursing, patients, health, and environment are the basis for
1.	care plans.	
2.	nursing models.	
3.	physician’s orders.	
4.	evaluation of patient care.	

ANS:	2
Nursing models are theories based on the relationship between nursing, patients, health, and environment.

DIF:	Cognitive Level: Application	REF:	Page 16	OBJ:	2
TOP:	Nursing models		KEY:	Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC:	NCLEX: N/A		

	14.	The system that reduces the number of employees but still provides quality care for patients is
1.	team nursing.	
2.	cross-training.	
3.	use of critical pathways.	
4.	case management.	

ANS:	2
Cross-training reduces the number of employees but does not alter the quality of patient care.

DIF:	Cognitive Level: Comprehension	REF:	Page 13	OBJ:	7
TOP:	Patient care	KEY:	Nursing Process Step: N/A	MSC:	NCLEX: N/A

	15.	The purpose of licensing laws for LPN/LVNs is to
1.	limit the number of LPN/LVNs.	
2.	prevent malpractice.	
3.	protect the public from unqualified people.	
4.	increase revenue for the state board of nursing.	

ANS:	3
The purpose of licensing laws for LPN/LVNs is to protect the public from unqualified practitioners.

DIF:	Cognitive Level: Analysis	REF:	Page 5	OBJ:	2
TOP:	Licensing	KEY:	Nursing Process Step: N/A	MSC:	NCLEX: N/A

	16.	Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is based on the premise that
1.	all needs are equally important.	
2.	basic needs must be met before the next level of needs can be met.	
3.	self-actualization is a primary need.	
4.	individuals prioritize needs the same way.	

ANS:	2
Basic needs must be met first.

DIF:	Cognitive Level: Analysis	REF:	Page 11	OBJ:	9
TOP:	Maslow’s hierarchy of needs	KEY:	Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC:	NCLEX: N/A		

	17.	Early training programs for LPN/LVNs differs from today’s concept of preparing the LPN/LVN in regard to the increased focus on
1.	acquiring licensure.	
2.	organized education.	
3.	candidate selection.	
4.	supplying caregivers.	

ANS:	2
The appropriate training emphasizes vocational/technical education.

DIF:	Cognitive Level: Analysis	REF:	Page 6	OBJ:	2
TOP:	Nursing education		KEY:	Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC:	NCLEX: N/A		

	18.	When assessing environmental factors affecting health and illness, the nurse must realize these factors are both physical and social, and that they
1.	affect one another.	
2.	cause illness.	
3.	cause patients to react in the same way.	
4.	can be separated.	

ANS:	1
Physical and social factors affect each other, cannot be separated, and cause each patient to react in a unique manner.

DIF:	Cognitive Level: Analysis	REF:	Page 14	OBJ:	11
TOP:	Environmental factors		KEY:	Nursing Process Step: Assessment
MSC:	NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance

	19.	The role and responsibilities of the LPN/LVN as a responsible caregiver require that the LPN/LVN
1.	join the American Nurses Association.	
2.	participate in continuing education activities.	
3.	rely on the judgment of an RN.	
4.	continue education toward RN level.	

ANS:	2
The LPN/LVN is required to gain continuing education units. Membership to ANA is for RNs, there is no directive to the LPN/LVN to continue education to the RN level. The LPN/LVN exercises his or her individual judgment under the supervision of an RN.

DIF:	Cognitive Level: Analysis	REF:	Page 17, Box 1-4	
OBJ:	11	TOP:	Role of vocational nurse	
KEY:	Nursing Process Step: N/A	MSC:	NCLEX: N/A		

	20.	The organization that was formed during World War II to provide much-needed nurses was the
1.	Nightingale school.	
2.	Cadet Nurse Corps. 	
3.	public health department.	
4.	Frontier Nursing Service.	

ANS:	2
The Cadet Nurse Corps was founded during World War II to quickly educate and supply nurses to care for the wounded.

DIF:	Cognitive Level: Comprehension	REF:	Page 6	OBJ:	2
TOP:	Nursing education		KEY:	Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC:	NCLEX: N/A		

	21.	One modern educational advancement program for the LPN/LVN to enter RN education is
1.	repetition.	
2.	exclusion.	
3.	articulation.	
4.	co-existence.	

ANS:	3
Most states have some type of articulation program in which the LPN/LVN can achieve advanced standing in an RN program without having to enroll in the entire curriculum.

DIF:	Cognitive Level: Analysis	REF:	Page 8	OBJ:	2
TOP:	Nursing education		KEY:	Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC:	NCLEX: N/A		

	22.	Florence Nightingale’s original nursing education took place at
1.	Saint Thomas.	
2.	Kings College Hospital.	
3.	Crimean Hospital.	
4.	Kaiserswerth school.	

ANS:	4
Florence Nightingale trained at Kaiserswerth.

DIF:	Cognitive Level: Knowledge	REF:	Page 3	OBJ:	2
TOP:	Nursing programs		KEY:	Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC:	NCLEX: N/A		

	23.	A system of comprehensive patient care that considers the physical, emotional, and social environment and spiritual needs of a person is
1.	interdependent care.	
2.	holistic health care.	
3.	illness prevention care.	
4.	health promotion care.	

ANS:	2
Holistic health care encompasses the physical, emotional, social, and spiritual aspects of the patient.

DIF:	Cognitive Level: Analysis	REF:	Page 2	OBJ:	2
TOP:	Health care	KEY:	Nursing Process Step: N/A	MSC:	NCLEX: N/A

	24.	The official agency that exists exclusively for the LPN/LVN membership and promotes standards for the LPN/LVNs is the
1.	NFLPN.	
2.	ANA.	
3.	NLN.	
4.	NAPNES.	

ANS:	1
The NFLPN exists solely for the LPN/LVN. The others have membership that includes RNs and the lay public.

DIF:	Cognitive Level: Analysis	REF:	Page 7	OBJ:	4
TOP:	Nursing organizations		KEY:	Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC:	NCLEX: N/A		

	25.	In order for the vocational nursing student to attain licensure, the NCLEX-PN must be passed with a score that is
1.	70% or better.	
2.	defined and set by each state.	
3.	designated as "pass."	
4.	within the 75th percentile.	

ANS:	3
Currently graduates of an approved vocational school are eligible to take the licensing exam and be awarded a license with a score of "pass" which is recognized by all states.

DIF:	Cognitive Level: Analysis	REF:	Page 10	OBJ:	10
TOP:	License examination		KEY:	Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC:	NCLEX: N/A		

	26.	The document that was published in 1965 by the ANA that clearly defined two levels of nursing practice is the
1.	licensing standards.	
2.	position paper.	
3.	Smith-Hughes Act.	
4.	nurse practice act.	

ANS:	2
The ANA's position paper of 1965 defined two levels of nursing: registered nurse and technical nurse.

DIF:	Cognitive Level: Comprehension	REF:	Page 9	OBJ:	6
TOP:	Position paper			KEY:	Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC:	NCLEX: N/A